Childlessness could be male infertility, femaleinfertility or combined infertility. When the problem lies with the male partner it is referred to as male infertility. The reasons for male infertility include unusual char. Causes, treatment and prevention what causes female infertility. Pdf infertility, the inability of a couple to conceive after a period of 12 months of intercourse without the use of contraception, is a worldwide. Often, there is more than one factor, with male and. C augood, k duckitt, a a templeton, smoking and female infertility. Infertility is defined as trying to get pregnant with frequent intercourse for at least a year with no success. We should state right away, that the success of treatment. Ovulatory factors are suspected when menstrual abnormalities are reported. Infertility is a problem that affects both the female and the male partner equally. Moreover, possible effects of weight loss on improved male fertility have been considered 7. The other cases are caused by a mixture of male and female problems or by problems that cannot be determined.
If youre having trouble getting pregnant, your doctor will help you figure out why, and work with you to find a treatment that can help. Infertility results from female factors about onethird of the time and male factors about onethird of the time. If a couple has been trying for a pregnancy without success, they should go to their local doctor or family planning clinic, and have some initial tests. Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasnt been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Menstrual and ovulation disorders and uterine factors are among the most common causes. Traditionally, the diagnosis of male sterility is based upon the conventional semen assay.
In some cases, however, an underlying problem such as an inherited disorder, a hormonal imbalance, dilated veins around the testicle or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm causes signs and symptoms. Reasons for a reduction in male infertility congenital factors cryptorchidism and testicular. Genetic basis of male and female infertility karger publishers. Primary infertility is infertility in a woman who has never had a pregnancy. It is also reasonable to refer all male infertility patients to a specialist with.
In most cases, this specialization requires an additional three years of intensive and highly focused education. In most cases, the etiology is dis tributed fairly equally among male factors. About a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the man. Age can contribute to infertility because as a woman ages, her fertility naturally tends to decrease. As previously suggested, the greatest obstacle to a meaningful epidemiological. Sep 25, 2019 male infertility isnt something you hear much about on the news, so you may be surprised to know that male infertility is almost as likely as female infertility to be involved in a couples inability to achieve pregnancy. In about 8% of couples with infertility, a male factor is the only identifiable cause.
We should state right away, that the success of treatment and the returning of the fertile state to some extent depend on the psychological factor. The main types of female infertility include ovulatory disorders 25% and tubal disease 20% to 25%, including endometriosis 10%. Infertility or a couple being unable to conceive a child can cause significant stress and unhappiness. There is considerable debate regarding the most appropriate method of investigating female. Only 5% of the couples will conceive after one and a half year or two years 5,6. In the remaining 10% of cases, the etiology is unknown. If a woman keeps having miscarriages, it is also called infertility. Semen parameters cannot define a man as fertile or infertile unless there are no sperm in the ejaculate. Female infertility is a complex problem that should be considered carefully by the government and stakeholders in each country and especially by those countries with demographic problems, in. As previously suggested, the greatest obstacle to a meaningful epidemiological study of male factor is the difficulty in making a precise diagnosis about the presence or absence of the problem.
It is also reasonable to refer all male infertility patients to a specialist with expertise in male reproductive medicine. Furthermore, treatments for infertility can carry health risks for women, men, and their children. If youre having trouble getting pregnant, your doctor will help you figure out why, and work with you to find a treatment that. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual. Etiology and risk factors associated with infertility international. The desire for multiple pregnancy in male and female infertility patients. Infertility, the inability of a couple to conceive after a period of 12 months of intercourse without the use of contraception, is a worldwide problem. Definition infertility is defined as lack of conception following 1 year of frequent unprotected intercourse. Both males and females are equally responsible for the causes. Approximately 40% of infertility cases are due to female factor, 40% due to male factor, and 20% due to a combination of both. The most common causes of female infertility include problems with ovulation, damage to fallopian tubes or uterus, or problems with the cervix.
More and more young couples are knocking at the doors of fertility clinics in search of a baby. Male infertility is the primary cause in approximately 25% of cases and contributes to an additional 15% to 25% of cases. The following are things that can affect infertility. Most of the infertile couples have one of these three major causes including a male factor, ovulatory dysfunction, or tubalperitoneal disease 5. Female infertility, male infertility or a combination of the two affects millions of couples in the united states.
There are numerous reasons for both male and female infertility but many. Childlessness could be male infertility,femaleinfertility or combined infertility. Subpopulations of interest include groups differing by cause of male infertility identified hormonal cause, varicocele, idiopathic, age male and female, raceethnicity, obesitybmi, history of prior treatments, primary vs. The most common causes of female infertility include problems with ovulation, damage to fallopian. Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after at least one year of trying or 6 months if the woman is over age 35. Infertility can be hormonal, related to age, exercise, obesity or infectious disease. Research, both basic and applied, has led to significant progress in the therapy of female infertility. There are numerous reasons for both male and female infertility but many ways in which.
National public health action plan for the detection. Jan 04, 2018 infertility or a couple being unable to conceive a child can cause significant stress and unhappiness. There are many available treatments, which will depend on the cause of infertility. A womens health specialist may reasonably obtain the male partners medical history and order the semen analysis. For about one in five infertile couples the problem lies solely in the male partner and in another quarter, both partners have problems. Female infertility an overview sciencedirect topics. Infertility affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples. The cause is either unknown or a combination of male and female factors in the remaining cases. Subpopulations of interest include groups differing by cause of male infertility identified hormonal cause, varicocele, idiopathic, age male and female, raceethnicity, obesitybmi. The causes of infertility can be classified as i male factor ii female factor iii combined male and female factor and iv unexplained.
An estimated 10 to 18 percent of couples have trouble getting pregnant or having a successful delivery. Many of the risk factors for both male and female infertility are the same. Male and female factors each account for approximately 35% of cases. A vast number of investigations can be done to rule out the exact cause of infertility both in males. Define primary and secondary infertility describe the causes of infertility diagnosis and management of infertility 4.
A reproductive endocrinologist re is an obgyn with extra training in infertility and hormonal disorders of the male and female reproductive systems. An infertility diagnosis is given to a couple who are unable to conceive over the course of one year. Womens fertility gradually declines with age, especially in the mid30s, and it drops rapidly after age 37. It affects an estimated 48 million women, with the highest prevalence of infertility affecting people in south asia, subsaharan africa, north. Definition and causes of infertility reproductive biomedicine. It can be a problem in the female reproductive system, the male reproductive system, or a mix of the two. The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. It affects an estimated 48 million women, with the highest prevalence of infertility affecting people in south asia, subsaharan africa, north africamiddle east, and centraleastern europe and central asia.
The woman doesnt make enough hormones to develop, mature, and release a healthy egg. Female infertility symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Infertility is caused by male andor female factors. In womb, congenital disorders, muscle tissue gland, endometriosis, polyps and adhesions can also reduce fertility 8. Male factor infertility is seen as an alteration in sperm concentration andor motility andor morphology in at least one sample of two sperm analyzes, collected 1 and 4 weeks apart. Many couples struggle with infertility and seek help to become pregnant, but it is often thought of as only a womans condition.
However, in about 35% of couples with infertility, a male factor is identified along with a female factor. Infertilitythe inability to conceive a child after one year or more of unprotected sexual intercourse affects about 15 percent of couples. An infertility diagnosis is given to a couple who are unable to conceive over the. Unexplained infertility may be diagnosed in as many as 30% of infertile couples. Infertility in older women is likely due to the lower number and quality of eggs, and can also be due to health problems that affect fertility. In many other cases, male infertility can be treated successfully through medical and surgical therapies. Management of infertility effective health care program. If a woman keeps having miscarriages, it is also called. Female infertility can result from age, physical problems, hormone problems, and lifestyle or environmental factors. Infertility workup for the womens health specialist acog.
A vasectomy reversal performed by skilled microsurgeons is a highly effective means of restoring fertility. An overview on the genetic determinants of infertility. Pathologic immune response is one of its aetiologies even if beyond doubt proofs have not been so far established. It should be performed within an acceptable timeframe and be as. History of prostatitis, genital infection, or sexually transmitted diseases.
Female infertility is a complex problem that should be considered carefully by the government and stakeholders in each country and especially by those countries with demographic problems, in order to find effective interventions and solutions. Male infertility conditions include semen parameter abnormalities, varicocele. Both female and male factors can lead to infertility 6. Male infertility isnt something you hear much about on the news, so you may be surprised to know that male infertility is almost as likely as female infertility to be involved in a. Jan 30, 2020 infertility is caused by male and or female factors. Male infertility is diagnosed when, after testing both partners, reproductive problems have been found in examination, along with a semen the male. In women, the incidence of infertility increases with age.
Major causes of infertility include male factors, ovarian. Causes for male and female infertility kinderwunschzentrum. Female infertility causes can be difficult to diagnose. There are various causes of female and male infertility. Male factor infertility is seen as an alteration in sperm. Diagnosing male infertility involves a general physical examination and detailed medical history. About one third of the time infertility is caused by female factors, one third of the time by male factors, and one third of the time by both, or by factors that are. Infertility a state of subfertility can be manifested either as the inability to become pregnant, inability to uphold a pregnancy, and inability to continue a pregnancy till term 2,3. In most cases, there are no obvious symptoms or signs of infertility.
Infertility in the light of new scientific reports focus on male factor. The treatment of male infertility, on the other hand, has been discouragingly slow. Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of. The historytaking procedure and physical examination of the female and male is described. Major causes of infertility include male factors, ovarian dysfunction, tubal disease. Jan 27, 2020 female infertility an easy to understand guide covering causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and prevention plus additional in depth medical information.
Here is a list of things that can affect a mans fertility. There is considerable debate regarding the most appropriate method of investigating female infertility. There appears to be an increasing incidence of infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected coitus. One third of the time, it is a problem with the woman. Ideally, the process should be diagnostically accurate and prognostically useful.
710 140 718 1302 1345 926 120 1476 802 134 1014 1321 1525 1122 1277 1199 1381 1322 964 370 1303 991 1130 379 617 514 1519 77 1143 527 109 119 1488 198 605 593 1001 1236 617 130 1299 872 124